摘要
This application note covers the use of look-up tables in the control of laser bias and modulation. The tables are a part of a feedforward control based on temperature which varies the value of the controlling signal as temperature changes.
Introduction
The DS1847and DS1848are digitally controlled resistors. The look-up tables in these parts are used to storeResistor positions that discretely compensate for the user’s application temperature dependence across therange -40°C to +102°C in 2°C increments. Two such tables are provided per chip, one for Resistor 0 (Table 1in data sheet) and one for Resistor 1 (Table 2 in data sheet). They are selectable via a table select bytelocated at address E0. Each look-up table contains 72 bytes (00 to 47h): location 00 corresponds to the -40°Csetting, location 47h corresponds to the +102°C setting. Once a table is selected fill in the 72 discreteResistor position values, which range from 00 to FF. All 72 locations must be filled with resistor positionvalues: if your temperature range is below +102°C or above -40°C, fill in copies of the last position value tocover the unused temperature range. In this Application Note we will review how these positions are derivedfor a desired output. The end-to-end resistance values will vary by up to 20% from part to part due to processvariation; additionally, this resistance has a temperature coefficient. The sections below show how errors dueto Resistance variation across process and across temperature can be nulled out. Also, a calibration methodutilizing true resistance values rather than position values is detailed.
Factory Characterization
Each part is factory characterized by Dallas for its resistance value across temperature and a characteristicset of parameters is derived to describe this part (Equation 1). The impetus for this characterization is theneed to generate an equivalence between actual resistance value and position value for every part. Withoutsuch an equivalence the user’s error budget , in terms of his deliverable, might need to include an additionalentry for resistance error at all temperatures where system calibration was not done. To illustrate this,consider the transfer functions in Figure 1. G1 represents the conversion of Position into Resistance asembodied in Equation 2. G2 represents the conversion of Resistance into the user’s deliverable, OUT. G2 iswhat the user characterizes on his bench in order to understand his system’s behavior across temperature. G1varies from part to part and across temperature and should not be included in the bench characterization: it isprovided for every part as explained below. Note that G1 is linear at a constant temperature and it containsan offset term; both slope and offset vary with temperature. G1 describes the conversion in Equation 2; theconverse describes Equation 1, that is Resistance to Position.
α is an offset and is given in the data sheet. Select the value corresponding to 50K or 10K full scale.R = the resistance desired at the output terminal of the DS1847 or DS1848C = temperature in degrees Celsiusu, v, w, x, y & z are values to be derived from register contents shown in Table A. Each resistor (R0 or R1)has such bytes loaded in the corresponding look-up table (1 or 2). The values u through z are obtained bymultiplying the corresponding LSB value by the decimal equivalent of the registers contents in Table A.Double Bytes are MSB first (28 for Example), LSB last (29 for Example).
Important Note: Once locations 28h through 33h have been read and stored in the tester they are ready toaccept Resistor position values generated by the tester as explained in the next paragraph. Make sure you donot write to these locations before you read the bytes they contain unless you are skipping the procedureexplained in this and the next paragraph.
Conversely,
From a quick glance one can solve for R at position 0 at 25°C as R = x • α + u . Likewise, R at position 255(FF) at 25°C is R = x • (255 + α ) + u. This is a quick check on resistance values at room temp representingboth ends of the scale.
| Address (HEX) | Variable | LSB |
| 28–29 | U | 2-8 |
| 2A–2B | v | 10-6 |
| 2C–2D | w | 10-9 |
| 2E–2F | x | 2-8 |
| 30–31 | y | 10-7 |
| 23–33 | z | 10-10 |
User Testing Methodology
Once the user has bench characterized his prototype application circuits he is ready to write a procedure forproduction test. With a good degree of confidence about the temperature behavior of his application (G2 inFigure 1) he determines the number of temperature points he would like Production to test at. He also willadvise them on how to generate the remainder of the look-up table positions using an algorithm specific tohis application in the fashion described below.
An example on how to include Equation (1) and (2) is as follows. Given a performance POUT (Optical OutputPower of a laser) the user’s system is ramped up to deliver this level of power by successive commands tothe DS1847, which has been placed in "Manual Mode" (01h in Register E1). For Resistor 0 these commandsconsist of sending values ranging between 00 and FF to Register F0 until POUT is achieved; practicallyspeaking, this is when the power emitted exceeds the target by a ΔP resulting from a ½LSB Resistance orless. The test is done at any given number of temperatures T1...Tn (for some users only T1 is desired so asto minimize test time). This results in a number of positions (pos1...posn) for the Resistor, as stored in thetester that issued those commands. The tester uses Equation (2) to calculate R1...Rn. Now the testercalculates all 72 Resistor values, for every 2°C increments, per the user’s algorithm from a function R = f(POUT, temp, R1...Rn) that the user has provided for the range -40°C to +102°C; POUT is constant. Now usingEquation (1) the corresponding 72 positions are derived. These values are then used to fill the look-up table.It is important, in order for the user’s fitting algorithm or equation to be accurate, that his function R bederived using true values R1...Rn rather than position values as in R = f (POUT, temp, R1...Rn).
Note: Remember to load Register E1 with the value 03h after the look-up tables are filled. This places thepart in automatic (look-up driven) mode. You can skip this last note if you are planning on powering downand then powering up: power cycling places the device in look-up table driven mode by default.
